Law-Related Resources on Nazi Gold and Other Holocaust Assets,
Swiss Banks during World War II, and Dormant Accounts

Updated on 13 June 2003.

Articles, News Stories and Documents on the Web, and Other Internet Resources

• Art, Law and the Holocaust (5 October 1999 conference, London)
• Holocaust-Era Assets Reports (U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, International Relations Committee; Congressional Research Service study, November/December 1999)
• Declaration by the Secretary of the Treasury on Gold Policy (Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr., 22 February 1944; The Avalon Project, Yale Law School)
• The Long Road Home: Struggling for Property Rights in Post-Communist Europe (October 1999, transcript of March 25, 1999, CSCE hearing)
• Testimony from the Hearing on The Long Road Home: Struggling for Property Rights in Post-Communist Europe (March 25, 1999, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE))
• Maureen T. Walsh, "Washington Conference Focuses on Assets Restitution", 22 CSCE Digest, January 1999, at 5, 8 (Issue No. 1, PDF file)
• Washington Conference on Holocaust-Era Assets (U.S. Department of State, November 30-December 3, 1998; page includes links to reports, remarks, testimony, briefings, statements, factsheets, and related sites; including link to proceedings)
• Symposium on Records and Research Relating to Holocaust-era Assets (to be held on 4 December 1998 at National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), College Park, Maryland; speakers will include authors of the gold reports: Jean-Francois Bergier, William Slany, Hans Safrian, Gill Bennett, and Sidney Zabuldoff; include a link to Resources and Information About Holocaust-era Assets (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum); see also Holocaust-Era Assets: Symposium Papers)
• Assets of Jewish Clients in the 'Postsparkassenamt', Vienna: Nazi Loot 1938-1945 (First Intermediary Research Report by Oliver Rathkolb, LL.D., Ph.D., Institute for Contemporary History, University of Vienna, Austria, October 21, 1998)
• Briefing on the Washington Conference on Holocaust-Era Assets (Stuart Eizenstat, Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs, briefing and release of proceedings of the Conference, Washington, D.C., May 20, 1999)
• Property Restitution in Central and Eastern Europe (Stuart Eizenstat, Under Secretary for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs; Testimony Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), Washington, D.C., March 25, 1999)
• Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act - H.R. 4007 (William Z. Slany, The Historian, The Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, Washington, DC, July 14, 1998; includes discussion of Holocaust era assets)
• U.S. Holocaust Assets Commission Act of 1998 ("An Act to Establish a Commission to Examine Issues Pertaining to the Disposition of Holocaust-Era Assets in the United States before, during, and after World War II, and to Make Recommendations to the President on Further Action, and for Other Purposes"; Public Law 105-186, 112 Stat. 611, June 23, 1998 (S. 1900), establishing the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States)
• Holocaust Reverberation: The Emerging Story of Nazi Gold (Stuart Eizenstat, Under Secretary for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs; address to the United Jewish Appeal National Young Leadership Conference, Washington, D.C., March 23, 1998)
• Closing Plenary Statement at the London Conference on Nazi Gold (Stuart Eizenstat, December 4, 1997)
• International List of Current Activities Regarding Holocaust-Era Assets (project of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in conjunction with the Washington Conference on Holocaust-Era Assets; includes links to:
  

       List, by Country, of Governmental and Private Attempts to Trace Holocaust
            Assets
       Attempts to Trace Holocaust Assets by Type of Asset 
       Archival Resources (including images of source documents)
       Information for Holocaust Survivors and Others Seeking Reparations
       Proceedings of the Washington Conference On Holocaust-Era Assets
       Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education,
            Remembrance, and Research
  

• Nazi Gold and Other Assets of the Holocaust: The Search for Justice (Whittier Law School, March 1, 1998, Costa Mesa, California)
• Switzerland & the Holocaust Assets (page is a "one-stop independent resource monitoring the current controversy" - edited by Bruno Giussani, New York Times columnist). Excellent starting point!
• The Wiesenthal Swiss Frozen Bank Accounts Data (Ilan Szekely, Hebrew University, Israel)
• F.E. Mueller, Der Goldraub in den bayrischen Alpen; Nach Kriegsende sind in der amerikanischen Besatzungszone grosse Mengen von Gold und Devisen spurlos verschwunden, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, October 20, 1998, at 17. Also on LEXIS in the NEWS library, NZZ file.
• Schatten des Zweiten Weltkriegs (Neue Zürcher Zeitung's Online Dossier (special report with articles and links to Internet resources on Holocaust Assets and Nazi Gold, with descriptions in German of each web site, 30 October 1997))
• Switzerland: Dormant Accounts, Nazi Gold and Loot (Swiss-American Chamber of Commerce, 3d ed., July 1997)
• Detlev Vagts, Switzerland, International Law and World War II, 91 American Journal of International Law 466-475 (No. 3, July 1997)(Editorial Comment)
• Swiss Banks and Nazi Gold (U.S. hearings and statements of 25 June 1997)
• U.S. Says Swiss Reneged on Returning Nazi Loot (NYT, 8 May 1997)(need to register in order to view New York Times back issues on the Internet)
• Nazi Loot: Passages From a State Department Report (NYT, 8 May 1997)
• U.S., U.K., France Agree to Freeze Gold Looted by Nazis (NYT, 4 February 1997)
• Swiss Bank Lawsuits are Consolidated (National Law Journal, 24 March 1997, at A06; 3 class action suits brought by Holocaust survivors in New York court)(might be available to registered users at http://www.nlj.com/)
• Nazi Gold Controversy (Excite! NewsTracker)
• Swiss Banks and the Holocaust (Yahoo links to news, web sites, etc.)
• Der Schatz vom Walchensee: Nach jetzt entdeckten Dokumenten soll die amerikanische Armee in Bayern vergrabene Goldbarren abtransportierthaben, (SDZ, 16 September 1998, at 11). Also on LEXIS in the NEWS library, SDZ file.
• Die Schweiz 1933 bis 1945 (Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern, Literaturverzeichnis)
• Schweiz reagiert zuruckhaltend auf US-Bericht: "Erwerb von Raubgold unbewiesen" (Süddeutsche Zeitung (SDZ), 9 May 1997)
• US-Regierung legt Untersuchungsbericht zu Geschaften mit den Nazis vor: Schweizer Banken verlangerten Zweiten Weltkrieg (SDZ, 9 May 1997)
• Summary of the Final Report (Commission on Jewish Assets in Sweden at the Time of the Second World War; 3 March 1999, the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
• Progress Report: The Commission on Jewish Assets in Sweden at the Time of the Second World War (Bertil Ahnborg, Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, UD 1997:05, May 1998)
• Sweden and the Nazi Gold (Sweden, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1998; see related publications below: Naziguldet och Riksbanken = The Nazigold and the Swedish Riksbank: Interim Report (August 1998; SOU 1998:96); Sweden and Jewish Assets: Final Report from the Commission on Jewish Assets in Sweden at the Time of the Second World War (SOU 1999:20))
• Who Made Money Out of World War II? The Nazi Gold: Sweden's Central Bank and Swedish Companies Acted as Fences in the Greatest Robbery in World History (Dagens Nyheter, Naziguldet, October 21, 1997, Kultur/Special; issue includes about 20 news stories available in English and Swedish versions)
• Greg Bradsher, "Nazi Gold: The Merkers Mine Treasure", 31 Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives and Records Administration 7-21 (Spring 1999, No. 1).
• Greg Bradsher, "Searching for Documents on Nazi Gold", The Record (May 1997, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration)
• U.S. and Allied Efforts To Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II: Finding Aid to Records at the National Archives at College Park (prepared by Dr. Greg Bradsher, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, May 1997, revised and expanded January 1998; updated 1999 Finding Aid not available in full text on the Internet: Holocaust-Era Assets: A Finding Aid to Records at the National Archives at College Park, MD (1166p; ISBN 1-880875-19-5); see also generally Holocaust-Era Assets: Records and Research at the National Archives and Records Administration for links to finding aids, web sites, bibliography, symposium papers, declassified documents, new publications, and upcoming events)
• Nazi Gold Report (Stuart Eizenstat, Under Secretary for Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs, on-the-record briefing upon release of U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations With Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey on Looted Gold and German External Assets and U.S. Concerns About the Fate of the Wartime Ustasha Treasury, Washington, DC, June 2, 1998)
• U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations With Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey on Looted Gold and German External Assets and U.S. Concerns About the Fate of the Wartime Ustasha Treasury (June 1998 Supplement to Preliminary Study below; see also U.S. Information Agency page of links to PDF and HTML versions of the Report)
• U.S. and Allied Efforts to Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II: Preliminary Study ("Eizenstat Report" of 7 May, 1997)(This page has links to the U.S. Department of State's 200+ page study as PDF (Portable Document Format) file (about 700K) viewable using the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Also includes links to other "Holocaust Assets" information and related documents. The plain text of the Forward and Executive Summary of the "Eizenstat Report" (about 100K) is available from the U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration web site)
• Swiss Bank Dormant Accounts List (Swiss Bankers Association)
• Switzerland and Foreign Accounts During World War II (includes texts of official Swiss government statements, speeches, remarks, text of the Washington Agreement, and other relevant documents)
• Independent Commission of Experts: Switzerland - Second World War, Switzerland and Gold Transactions During the Second World War: Interim Report (May 1998, "Bergier Commission Report"; also includes the report, Gold Transactions in the Second World War: Statistical Review with Commentary (December 1997). See also the Independent Committee of Eminent Persons (ICEP/The Volcker Commission) The Report on Dormant Accounts of Victims of Nazi Persecution in Swiss Banks = Bericht über nachrichtenlose Konten von Opfern des Nationalsozialismus bei Schweizer Banken = Rapport sur les comptes dormants des victimes des persécutions nazies dans les banques suisses (Chairman of the Committee, Paul A. Volcker; Stämpfli, 2000)(The "Volcker Report").
• Peter Hug & Marc Perrenoud, Assets in Switzerland of Victims of Nazism and the Compensation Agreements with East Bloc Countries = In der Schweiz liegende Vermogenswerte von Nazi-Opfern und Entschadigungsabkommen mit Oststaaten (historical clarification prepared by the Swiss Confederation Federal Department for Foreign Affairs Task Force, 29 October 1996, published in January, March 1997)
• Eidgenossisches Departement fur auswartige Angelenheiten (EDA) Schweiz - Zweiter Weltkrieg Task Force

  The home page of the Swiss government agency in charge of the dormant account issue - the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs' Switzerland-Second World War Task Force - with statements, declarations, reports, legal and other official documents. Excellent starting point!

• Nazi Gold : Information from the British Archives (2d ed., London: FCO Historians, 1997)(prior edition also available at this web site and also at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Nazi Gold History Notes and Nazi Gold Key Theme pages)
• British Policy Towards Enemy Property During and After the Second World War (Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 57p.)
• Enemy Property (UK web site detailing Claims Scheme and including documents and reports)
• Historical and Moral Settlement for the Treatment in Norway of the Economic Liquidation of the Jewish Minority during World War II (Norway, Ministry of Justice and the Police, White Paper (Proposition) No. 82 to the Storting, 26 June 1998; based in part on the Skarpnes Committee's Confiscation of Jewish Assets in Norway during World War II, NOU 1997:22; was at http://www.odin.dep.no/repub/97-98/stprp/82/engelsk.htm)
• The Swiss Banks and World War II: The Documents on the Web

  (Yves Magat's World Web News site - great starting point, with links to the Eizenstat Report (preliminary study at "Holocaust Assets" site above published under the direction of U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce Stuart Eizenstat), Swiss news sources, the World Jewish Congress, related documents from the U.S. National Archives, etc.)

• Ian Sayer's Nazi Gold page (Ian Sayer is author of Nazi Gold: The Story of The World's Greatest Robbery)
• Survivors of Nazi Regime Sue Swiss Banks for Seized Assets (Court TV)
• Ownership of Stolen Nazi Art (Court TV)
• International Crime Victim Compensation Program Directory (U.S. Department of Justice)
• The Role of French Banks During WWWII and Its Aftermath (written testimony of Professor Richard Weisberg at the hearing on French and Austrian Banks and Issues Relating to Forced Labor and the Settlement of Insurance Claims by Holocaust Victims and their Heirs, before the US House of Representatives Banking Committee in Washington DC., September 14, 1999; Professor Weisberg is the author of Vichy Law and the Holocaust in France = Vichy, la Justice et les Juifs)
• Testimony of Jean-Pierre Landau on the current status of efforts of the French Banking Association to address issues remaining from the Holocaust in France and to return funds to victims of that period or their heirs before the House Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, September 14, 1999)
• Arrete du 25 mars 1997 relatif a la mission d'etude sur la spoliation durant l'Occupation des biens appartenant aux juifs residant en France (French panel to investigate spoliation of Jewish property during the Occupation, Journal Officiel de la Republique Francaise, 26 March 1997)
• France in World War II (includes links to information about Weisberg' Vichy law and the Holocaust in France book, a Call for Papers for a 1998 Law and Humanities Institute in France on the topic, and related documents)

Agreements, Laws, and Cases

• Control Commission decree no.5 of 30 October 1945 asking for restitution of assets to German residents
• Washington Decree of 26 May 1946 to restore non-enemy assets
• Code des Obligations (Switzerland)
• Bundesgesetz uber die Banken und Sparkassen Swiss Law on Banks and Savings, of 8 November 1934 (status as of 14 January 1997), available in German, French, and Italian)
• Decree of 16 February 1945 freezing assets of German residents (Switzerland)
• Trading with the Enemy Act freezing European assets (United States)
• Swiss-U.S. agreement of 22 November 1946 re freezing Swiss bank assets in the U.S.
• Swiss Federal Council decrees of 27 December 1946 re certification of assets
• Parliamentary motion of 18 March 1959 to investigate matter of unclaimed assets of victims of the Holocaust (Switzerland)
• 1962 Federal Council decree re declaring foreign assets (Switzerland)
• Agreement of 2 May 1996 of Jewish organizations to supervise bank investigations re status of unclaimed assets since World War II, and New York memorandum of understanding to publish results
• Federal decree of 13 December 1996 re expert investigations of legal and historical research into unclaimed assets (Switzerland)
• California Insurance Code (Section 790.15 (1999); Division 1 (General Rules Governing Insurance), Part 2 (The Business of Insurance), Chapter 1 (General Regulations), Article 6.5 (Unfair Practices); claims of Holocaust survivors or other beneficiary - added Stats 1998 ch. 963, Section 2 (SB 1530); Division 3 (the Insurance Commission), Chapter 2 (Powers and Duties), Article 3.5 (Reporting), Section 12967 (1999)(Research relating to claims from World War II period for Holocaust victims and others; see also the California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 354.5 (1999)(Extension of limitations period for Holocaust victim's claim under insurance policy issued during specified period) - added Stats 1998 ch. 43, Section 2 (AB1334))
• Holocaust Victims Insurance Act (Florida Statutes, Title XXXVII, Insurance, Chapter 626 (Insurance Field Representatives and Operations), Part IX (Unfair Insurance Trade Practices), Section 626.9543 (Holocaust victims)); related regulation in Florida Administrative Code, Section 4-137.010, Holocaust Victims Insurance Report and Standards of Proof; Florida Administrative Weekly (FAW), v.24, No.43, October 23, 1998, Section II Proposed Rules, at page 5691)
• Holocaust Victims Insurance Act of 1998 (New York State Consolidated Laws; Insurance, Article 27, Sections 2701-2711, Chapter 259 of Laws of 1998; New York State Insurance Department, Regulation No. 160, 11 NYCRR 220 (Sections 220.1-220.8), Holocaust Victims Insurance Claims and Reports, October 14, 1998)

Government Agencies and Organizations

• The Task Force Switzerland - World War II (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs)
• Embassy of Switzerland (Washington, D.C.; see their Switzerland and WWII page)
• Independent Commission of Experts: Switzerland - Second World War (Unabhängige Expertenkommission Schweiz - Zweiter Weltkrieg; Bergier Commission)
• Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold (TGC; "Tripartite Gold Commission")
• U.S. House of Representatives. Committee on Banking and Financial Services
• The Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States (PCHA)
• Independent Committee of Eminent Persons (ICEP)
• Claims Resolution Tribunal (CRT-II)("responsible for adjudicating claims of Deposited Assets Class Members in the Holocaust Victim Assets"; includes full texts of the awards rendered)
• The Special Masters for the Deposited Assets Class in the Holocaust Victim Assets Litigaiton (Paul Volcker and Michael Bradfield)
• Swiss National Bank (SNB; see especially http://www.snb.ch/e/snb/index.html for legal basis, organizational structure, etc.)
• Swiss Bank Ombudsman
• Swiss Federal Banking Commission (SFBC)
• Swiss Office of Compensation
• Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities
• Swiss Bankers Association (SBA)
• The World Jewish Restitution Organization
• World Jewish Congress (includes links some of its Institute's Policy Studies)
• World Council of Orthodox Jewish Communities
• Simon Wiesenthal Center (Holocaust survivors; see their Bank Accounts page)
• Jewish Claims Conference
• Swiss-American Chamber of Commerce
• U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
• The Holocaust History Project
• Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR; was called the Institute of Jewish Affairs (IJA) from 1941 to 1996)
• American Jewish Committee (AJC)
• Commission on Jewish Assets in Sweden at the Time of the Second World War (UD 1997:05, Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

Books, Journal Articles, and Documents

• U.S. Library of Congress Subject Headings (for use with online library catalogs)
  

  
       BANKS AND BANKING -- CORRUPT PRACTICES -- SWITZERLAND -- HISTORY
            -- 20TH CENTURY
       BANKS AND BANKING -- SWITZERLAND
       BANKS AND BANKING, SWISS -- RECORDS AND CORRESPONDENCE
       CONFERENCE ON JEWISH MATERIALS CLAIMS AGAINST GERMANY
       CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATIONS -- BANKING -- SWITZERLAND
       FOREIGN BANK ACCOUNTS -- SWITZERLAND
       HOLOCAUST, JEWISH (1939-1945) -- ECONOMIC ASPECTS
       HOLOCAUST, JEWISH (1939-1945) -- REPARATIONS
       HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS -- CLAIMS
       HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS -- LEGAL STATUS, LAWS, ETC. -- UNITED STATES
       JEWISH PROPERTY -- ENGLAND
       JEWISH PROPERTY -- EUROPE
       JEWISH PROPERTY -- FRANCE
       JEWISH PROPERTY -- SWITZERLAND
       JEWS -- EUROPE -- CLAIMS
       JEWS -- FRANCE -- CLAIMS
       JEWS -- GERMANY -- CLAIMS
       MONETARY GOLD CONFISCATIONS
       REFUGEE PROPERTY -- SWITZERLAND
       RESTITUTION AND INDEMNIFICATION CLAIMS (1933- )
       RESTITUTION AND INDEMNIFICATION CLAIMS (1933- ) -- GERMANY
       RESTITUTION AND INDEMNIFICATION CLAIMS (1933- ) -- SWITZERLAND
       WORLD WAR, 1939-1945 -- CLAIMS
       WORLD WAR, 1939-1945 -- CONFISCATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS --
            EUROPE
       WORLD WAR, 1939-1945 -- CONFISCATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS --
            GERMANY
       WORLD WAR, 1939-1945 -- DESTRUCTION AND PILLAGE -- EUROPE
       WORLD WAR, 1939-1945 -- REPARATIONS
  
  

• Books
• John Authers & Richard Wolffe, The victim's fortune : inside the epic battle over the debts of the Holocaust (New York : HarperCollins, c2002). xv, 458p. ISBN: 0066212642.
• Banques, Banque de France et Seconde Guerre mondiale (Michel Margairaz ed., Paris: Albin Michel, 2002). 199p. ISBN: 2226132864.
• Michael J. Bazyler, Holocaust justice : the battle for restitution in America's courts (New York : New York University Press, c2003). xix, 411p. ISBN: 0814799035.
• Tom Bower, Nazi gold: the full story of the fifty-year Swiss-Nazi conspiracy to steal billions from Europe's Jews and Holocaust survivors (New York: HarperCollins, 1997).
• George Carpozi, Jr., Nazi Gold: The Real Story of How America and Europe Plundered Jewish Treasures (1998; New Horizon Press, P.O. Box 669, Far Hills, NJ 07931; UPS: 34 Church Street, Liberty Corner, NJ 07938; Phone: (800) 533-7978; (908) 604-6311; Fax: (908) 604-6330)(ISBN: 0-88282-167-9). 400p.
• Karl Doehring, Bernd Josef Fehn, & Hans Günter Hockerts, Jahrhundertschuld, Jahrhundertsühne : Reparationen, Wiedergutmachung, Entschädigung für nationalsozialistisches Kriegs- und Verfolgungsunrecht (München: Olzog, 2001). 142p. ISBN: 3789280496.
• Mark Duckenfield, The Swiss National Bank and Proposed Gold Sales (World Gold Council, October 1998)(Research Study No.21). 30p.
• Stuart Eizenstat, Imperfect justice : looted assets, slave labor, and the unfinished business of World War II (foreword by Elie Wiesel; New York : Public Affairs, c2003). xi, 401p. ISBN: 158648110X.
• Erpresste Schweiz : zur Auseinandersetzung um die Haltung der Schweiz im Zweiten Weltkrieg und um die Berichte der Bergier-Kommission ; Eindrücke und Wertungen von Zeitzeugen: eine Gemeinschaftsarbeit des Arbeitskreises Gelebte Geschichte (AGG) (Jean-François Bergier; 2d ed., Stäfa: Gut, 2002). 206p. ISBN: 3857171421.
• Daniel Girsberger, Das internationale Privatrecht der nachrichtenlosen Vermogen in der Schweiz = Private International Law and Unclaimed Assets in Switzerland (Berne: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, co-edition with Kluwer Law International, 1997)(Beiheft zur ZSR 23; Bibliothek zur Zeitschrift fur schweizerisches Recht; 23)(ISBN: 3-7190-1628-5 (Helbing und Lichtenhahn); ISBN: 90-411-0727-4 (Kluwer)). 80p. (German-English)
• Marilyn Henry, Switzerland, Swiss Banks, and the Second World War: The Story Behind the Story (New York: The American Jewish Congress, 1997)(International Perspectives; 38). 42p.
• Christoph Hölscher, NS-Verfolgte im "antifaschistischen Staat": Vereinnahmung und Ausgrenzung in der ostdeutschen Wiedergutmachung (1945-1989) (Berlin: Metropol, 2002). 256p. ISBN: 3932482638.
• H.R. 2693, the Holocaust Victims Insurance Relief Act of 2001: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on H.R. 2693...September 24, 2002 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 2003). 75p. Y4.G74/7:IN 7/19.
• Itamar Levin, His Majesty's Enemies: Great Britain's War Against Holocaust Victims and Survivors (Natasha Dornberg & Judith Yahon-Fortus trans. Oyeve hod malkhuto, Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001). 238p. ISBN: 0275968162. 1999 translation titled also His Majesty's Enemies: Britain, the Holocaust and the Victims' Assets.
• Siegfried Moses, Jewish post-war claims (Tel Aviv 1944) (with an introduction by Paul Kirchhof and a bio-bibliographic annotation by Rachel Heuberger ; edited by Wolf-Dieter Barz ; introductory part and appendix translated by Eli Moses. Original title was: Jüdischen Nachkriegsforderungen), Münster : Lit, [2001])(Ius vivens. Abteilung A, Quellentexte zur Rechstgeschichte ; Bd. 6). xxxi, 89, 41p. ISBN: 3825850242.
• The Plunder of Jewish Property During the Holocaust: Confronting European History (Avi Beker ed., Washington Square, NY: New York University Press, 2001). 355p. ISBN: 0814798675.
• Gregg J. Rickman, Swiss Banks and Jewish Souls (Somerset, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1999)(ISBN: 1-56000-426-6). 289p.
• Ian Sayer & Douglas Botting, Nazi gold: the story of the world's greatest robbery - and its aftermath (with the London Sunday Times, 2d ed., Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, phone: 0131 557 2959, 1998)(ISBN: 1840180749). 383p.
• Ian Sayer, Nazi gold: the story of the world's greatest robbery - and its aftermath (London: Panther, 1984)(ISBN: 0586055940). 544p. Other editions: Granada Publishing (London), 1984. 387p. ISBN 0-246-11767-2. Congdon & Weed (New York), 1984. 423p. ISBN 0-86553-138-2 (ISBN for distributors, St.Martins Press, 0-312-92567-0). Grove Press (New York), 1986. 544p. ISBN 0-394-62132-8. L'oro nazista, Italian edition, SugarCo Edizioni S.r.l dalla New Press Como (Italy), 352p. Zloto III Rzeszy, Polish edition, Wydawnictwo Sensacje XX wieku 02-032 Warszawa, ul.Filtrowa 79/41. ISBN 83-904968-8-7.
• Arthur Lee Smith, Hitler's gold: the story of the Nazi war loot (Oxford [England]; New York: Berg : Distributed exclusively in the US and Canada by St. Martin's Press, 1989).
• Arthur Lee Smith, Hitler's gold: the story of the Nazi war loot (Paperback ed., Oxford [England] ; Washington, D.C. : Berg, 1996)(ISBN: 1859739210). 174p.
• The Status of Insurance Restitution for Holocaust Victims and Their Heirs: Hearing Before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, November 8, 2001 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 2002). 182p. Y4.G74/7: IN 7/18.
• Isabel Vincent, Hitler's silent partners : Swiss banks, Nazi gold, and the pursuit of justice (New York : W. Morrow, 1997) (ISBN: 0688154255 (alk. paper)). 351p.
• Pierre Weill, Der Milliarden-Deal: Holocaust-Gelder - wie sich die Schweizer Banken freikauften (Zürich: Weltwoche-ABC-Verl., 1999)(ISBN: 3855041792). 251p.
• Sidney Zabludoff, Movements of Nazi gold: uncovering the trail (Jerusalem: Institute of the World Jewish Congress, 1997)(Policy study / Institute of the World Jewish Congress, no. 10; ISSN: 0793-2596). 28p.
• Jean Ziegler, The Swiss, the gold, and the dead (1st U.S. ed., New York : Harcourt Brace, 1998)(ISBN: 0151003343)(English translation of Schweiz, das Gold und die Toten). 322p.
• Ronald W. Zweig, German Reparations and the Jewish World: A History of the Claims Conference (2d ed., London; Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2001). 232p. ISBN: 0714651524.
• Journal Articles
• Greg Bradsher, "Nazi Gold: The Merkers Mine Treasure", 31 Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives and Records Administration 7-21 (Spring 1999, No. 1).
• Irwin Cotler, "Nuremberg 50 Years Later: The Restitution of Jewish Property and Norwegian Justice", 67 Nordic Journal of International Law 275-287 (1998).
• Nazi Gold and Dormant Accounts, 7 Central Banking 18-20 (Autumn 1996, No. 2).
• Nazi Gold and Victims' Assets, Swiss Review of World Affairs 4-15 (November 1996, No. 11).
• Charles Poncet, Switzerland: Decree on the Legal Investigation of the Assets Deposited in Switzerland After the Advent of the National-Socialist Regime and Decree on the Special Fund for Needy Victims of the Holocaust [December 13, 1996 and February 26, 1997], 36 International Legal Materials 1272-1278 (September 1997, No. 5)(includes English translation of the decrees).
• Nicolas Poncet, Swiss Banks' Handling of Dormant Accounts Since the End of World War II, 25 International Business Lawyer 68-72 (February 1997, No. 2)((Lalive & Partners, Geneva).
• Anita Ramasastry, Secrets and Lies? Swiss Banks and International Human Rights, 31 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 325 (March 1998).
• Swiss Federal Banking Commission - Independent Committee of Eminent Persons - Swiss Bankers Association: Statement on Comprehensive Claims Resolution Process for Dormant Accounts in Swiss Banks Dating From Prior to the End of World War II and Announcement on Claims Resolution Process [June 25, 1997], 36 International Legal Materials 1379-1385 (September 1997, No. 5)((Paul A. Volcker & Kurt Hauri statements).
• Government Documents
• Greg Bradsher, Holocaust-Era Assets: A Finding Aid to Records at the National Archives at College Park, MD (compiled by James Gregory Bradsher, National Archives and Records Administration, 1999)(ISBN 1-880875-19-5). 1166p.
• Greg Bradsher, U.S. and Allied efforts to recover and restore gold and other assets stolen or hidden by Germany during World War II: finding aid to records at the National Archives at College Park ([Washington, D.C.: Dept. of State, 1997)(May 1997)(alternate titles is Appendix : U.S. and allied efforts to recover and restore gold and other assets stolen or hidden by Germany during World War II). 277p.
• Commission on Jewish Assets in Sweden at the Time of the Second World War, The Nazigold and the Swedish Riksbank: Interim Report (Stockholm; August 1998 English translation of Naziguldet och Riksbanken, SOU 1998:96). 106p.
• Commission on Jewish Assets in Sweden at the Time of the Second World War, Sweden and Jewish Assets: Final Report (Stockholm: The Printing Works of the Cabinet Office and Ministries; Statens Offentliga Utredningar; 1999 English translation of Sverige och Judarnas Tillgångar, SOU 1999:20). 291p.
• Stuart Eizenstat & William Z. Slany, U.S. and Allied efforts to recover and restore gold and other assets stolen or hidden by Germany during World War II: preliminary study ([Washington, D.C.: Dept. of State, 1997)(May 1997)(also known as the Eizenstat Report). 212p.
• Stuart Eizenstat & William Z. Slany, U.S. and Allied wartime and postwar relations and negotiations with Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey on looted gold and German external assets and U.S. concerns about the fate of the wartime Ustasha treasury : supplement to Preliminary study on U.S. and Allied efforts to recover and restore gold and other assets stolen or hidden by Germany during World War II ([Washington, D.C. : Dept. of State], Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., 1998)(Department of State publication ; 10557)("June 1998.")(S 1.2:G 56/SUPP.)(ISBN: 0160495474)(see http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS818). 180p.
• Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland - Second World War, Switzerland and Gold Transactions in the Second World War: Interim Report (Bern, 1998)(ISBN: 3-908661-00-5).
• Independent Committee of Eminent Persons (ICEP), The Report on Dormant Accounts of Victims of Nazi Persecution in Swiss Banks = Bericht über nachrichtenlose Konten von Opfern des Nationalsozialismus bei Schweizer Banken = Rapport sur les comptes dormants des victimes des persécutions nazies dans les banques suisses (Chairman of the Committee, Paul A. Volcker; Stämpfli, 2000)(The "Volcker Report"). ISBN 3-7272-9955-X. 450p. See also Swiss Federal Banking Commission - Independent Committee of Eminent Persons - Swiss Bankers Association: Statement on Comprehensive Claims Resolution Process for Dormant Accounts in Swiss Banks Dating From Prior to the End of World War II and Announcement on Claims Resolution Process [June 25, 1997], 36 International Legal Materials 1379-1385 (September 1997, No. 5)((Paul A. Volcker & Kurt Hauri statements).
• Information Held in the BIS Historical Archive on Gold Looted by Nazi Germany during World War II (September 1998, Bank for International Settlements). 4p.
• London Conference (1997 : London, England). Nazi gold : the London Conference, 2-4 December 1997 (London : The Stationery Office, 1998)(ISBN: 0-11-591760-8 25). 834p. See http://www.soton.ac.uk/~bopcas/data/fullrecs/10528.htm for more information concerning this document authored by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO); see also related press release and Enemy Property web site for documents and reports related to the Enemy Property Claims Scheme).
• Note on Gold Operations Involving the Bank for International Settlements and the German Reichsbank, 1st September 1939 - 8th May 1945 (12 May 1997, Bank for International Settlements)
• Note on Gold Shipments and Gold Exchanges Organised By the Bank for International Settlements, 1st June 1938 - 31st May 1945 (9 September 1997, Bank for International Settlements)
• Barbara A. Salazar, The Holocaust-Recovery of Assets from World War II: A Chronology (May 7, 1995, to October 27, 1999) and Resource Guide (Washington: Information Research Division, Congressional Research Service, October 28, 1999). 40p.
• United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking and Financial Services, The disposition of assets deposited in Swiss banks by missing Nazi victims : hearing before the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, December 11, 1996)(Washington: U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1997)(Y 4.B 22/1:104-76).
• United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking and Financial Services, The Eizenstat report and related issues concerning United States and allied efforts to restore gold and other assets looted by Nazis during World War II hearing before the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, June 25, 1997 (Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1997)(Y 4.B 22/1:105-18)(Serial no. 105-18)(ISBN: 0160556643). 313p.
• United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Swiss banks and attempts to recover assets belonging to the victims of the Holocaust hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session on the inquiry into the assets of Holocaust victims deposited in Swiss banks and the issues surrounding the recovery and restoration of gold and other assets looted by Nazi Germany during World War II, and the acts of restitution which must follow, Thursday, May 15, 1997 (Washington: U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1997)(United States. Congress. Senate. S. hrg. ; 105-176)(Y 4.B 22/3:S.HRG.105-176)(ISBN: 0160557496). 625p.
• United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Swiss banks and the shredding of Holocaust era documents : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session ... Tuesday, May 6, 1997. (Washington: U.S. G.P.O.: 1997)(Y4.B22/3:S.Hrg. 105-152). 29p.
• United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Swiss banks and the status of assets of Holocaust survivors or heirs : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session ... April 23, 1996 (Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1996)(Y 4.B 22/3:S.hrg.104-582).
• Washington Conference on Holocaust-era Assets, November 30-December 3, 1998 : Proceedings (hosted by the United States Department of State and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum ; edited by J.D. Bindenagel; Washington, DC : The Dept. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., [1999])(Department of State publication 10603)(ISBN 0-16-049949-6). 1146p. "The Honorable Abner J. Mikva, conference chairman." "Released April 1999."
• Audiovisual Publications
• Blood money: Switzerland's Nazi gold (New York, N.Y. : A & E Home Video ; distributed by New Video Group, 1997)(95-minute videocassette).
• Nazi gold (Washington, DC : PBS Video, 1997)(60-minute videocassette).

This page was created on 9 May 1997 by Lyonette Louis-Jacques. Please send suggestions and comments to llou@midway.uchicago.edu. Last updated on 13 June 2003.